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Literary Movements: Part 3

 University Wits : This term coined by George Saintsbury refers to a group of 16th Century playwrights and pamphleteers who were educated at universities, predominantly Oxford or Cambridge with the notable exception of Thomas Kyd who is often associated with this group. Other prominent members of this group are :

                 1) Christopher Marlowe: Doctor Faustus            Tamburlain the Great, Edward 2

                 2) Robert Greene : Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay ,  Greene's Groats, Pandosto

                3) Thomas Nashe :   The Unfortunate Traveller 

                4) John Lyly :  'Plays':: Campaspe , Sapho and paho,  Endymion , Gallathea , Midas

               'Prose' :: Euphuse: The Anatomy of Wit

               5) George Peele : The Battle of Alcazar, David and Bathsabe, The arrangement of Paris

               6) Thomas Lodge : 'Play':: The Wounds of Civil War

                     'Prose':: Rosalynde: A novel that influenced Shakespeare's As You Like It

                7) Thomas Kyd :  The Spanish Tragedy 

This group of diverse  literary figures hailed for their contribution to the English Drama and shaping  the Elizabethan landscape.



The Inns of Court :  A group of lawyers and writers associated with London's Inns of Court  were Popularly named as 'The Inns of Court'. Although not a formal literary group they played significant role in fostering talent in Elizabethan and Jacobean  era. Notable writers of this group are : 

                  1) John Donne : 'poem':: "The Sun Rising", "The Flea" 

                  2) John Webster: 'Play' :: The White Devil,The Duchess of Malfi

                  3) Thomas Middleton: 'Play':: A Game at Chess , The Changeling

                 4) Francis Bacon : "Essays" , "Novum Organum", "The Advancement of Learning "



Spenserian Poets : Edmund Spenser was one the towering figures of 16th Century literary Canon. Hence undoubtedly his works influenced a lot of writers. Some of them who not only admired his works particularly "The Fairie Queene"but also imitated and emulated his style and tone which featured archaic language, allegories and Spenserian stanza etc. ,were referred to as Spenserian Poets. Notable Poets of this group are: 

                 1) Michael Drayton: "Poly Olbion"

                 2) William Browne: "Britannia's Pastorals"

                 3) Giles Fletcher:  Christ's Victory and Triumph"

                 4) Phineas Fletcher: " The Purple Island"

These works explore themes of Nature, Morality and National Identity


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